Blood Coagulation
Blood Coagulation
Coagulation of Blood or Clotting of Blood
When an injury is caused, the wound normally does not continue to bleed for a long time and the blood stops flowing after some time. It is the natural property exhibited by the blood to check the excessive loss of blood from an injury or trauma. Clotting of blood is a complex process that involves various enzymatically controlled steps for its completion.
Formation of a Clot : - An injury or trauma causes stimulation of platelets cells to release certain platelet factors. This in turn activates the mechanism of coagulation or clotting of blood at the site of injury. It occurs in following three steps
1. Thromboplastin, helps in formation of an enzyme prothrombinase (which inactivates heparin) that converts the inactive plasma protein, i.e., prothrombin into its active form thrombin.
2. Thrombin thus, acts as a proteolytic enzyme to convert fibrinogen molecule (produced from the liver in the presence of vitamin-K) to form insoluble fibrin monomer.
This reaction required thrombokinase an enzyme complex, which is formed by a series of linked enzymatic reactions (with cascade effects) which involves a number of various factors present in the plasma in their inactive state.
Both the changes mentioned above require ions for their reaction.
3. These fibrin monomers polymerise to long, sticky fibres. The fibrin threads forms a fine network of threads called fibrins, in which dead and damaged formed elements of blood are trapped.
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